微生物培養基使用中常出現的問題匯總

發布日期：2020-01-07 11:31:48 來源：互聯網

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">工作中發現，有部分檢驗員對培養基的使用存在障礙，借此機會和大家分享討論一下大家常見的對培養基存在的一些疑問。

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">1、培養基煮沸溶解后再高壓滅菌，還是直接高壓滅菌存在疑惑。

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">拿麥康凱瓊脂舉個例子，溶解后滅菌，平板上沒有不溶的結晶紫，沒有紫色的斑點；相對比未溶解滅菌的，平板上有結晶紫和紫色的斑點。portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; color: rgb(241,136,35); padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">所以正確的做法是先煮沸溶解后再高壓滅菌。

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px"> 

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">2、培養基PH值為什么不在標準范圍內？

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; color: rgb(241,136,35); padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">其實出現這個情況的問題有很多種，大致我分為這么6大點：

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">①質量不好（生產廠家出廠時portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">pH就不正確）；

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">②滅菌問題（高壓滅菌溫度過高或滅菌時間過長，導致葡萄糖類焦化從而portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">pH降低）；

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">③保存時間（超過保質期或結塊）；

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">④水質出現問題（可以用去離子水、純化水、蒸餾水不能用礦泉水、自來水）；

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">⑤保存溫度（保存溫度過高）；

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">⑥光線直射總結本人認為以上6點都可能導致培養基portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">pH出現偏差，如果出現此類問題，建議逐一排查，直到問題解決。

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px"> 

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">3、培養基高壓滅菌時為什么會焦化？

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; color: rgb(241,136,35); padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">不少檢驗人員在實驗時，發現經過滅菌的培養基有焦化現象，我認為引起此現象的主要原因有以下4點：

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">①可能你滅菌的時候溫度超過了121℃（正常115-116℃20min即可）；

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">②滅菌時間過長；

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">③培養基在容器中裝的太多（不要超過容器容量的80%）；

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">④滅完菌的培養基在高溫環境中保存的時間過長，這些都會導致培養基發生焦化現象。

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px"> 

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">4、培養基PH怎么測定？

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; color: rgb(241,136,35); padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">通常分兩種情況：

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">①對于無需高壓滅菌的培養基，先煮沸溶解后再冷卻至25℃時，測定其portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">pH值（固體培養基至少測2個點，取其平均值）；

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">②對于需要高壓滅菌的培養基，高壓滅菌后，冷卻至25℃測其pH（固體培養基至少測2個點，取其平均值）。

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px"> 

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">5、含瓊脂培養基在倒平板為什么有時候不凝固或凝固不好？

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; color: rgb(241,136,35); padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">針對以上情況，我做了分析：

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">①針對需要高壓滅菌的培養基，倒平板時候要先搖勻（因為瓊脂分子量比較大，在冷卻過程中容易沉淀到底部，導致瓊脂分散不均勻）；

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">②針對無需高壓滅菌的培養基，一次煮沸溶解后不能直接倒平板，應重復煮沸溶解3-5次（因為一次不能確保瓊脂完全溶解）。

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px"> 

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">6、為什么同一品牌的不同批號，粉末顏色有差別？

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; color: rgb(241,136,35); padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">分析可能有3個原因：

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">①此培養基成分含有染料或指示劑；

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">②不同批次粉末培養基含水量不同，一般要求≤6%，含水量越高，顏色越深；

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">③加工時球磨時間越長顏色越深。

portant; font-size: 12px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 黑體; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">文章來源食品論壇網友分享，轉載僅為知識分享